已经很久没有写过程序了. 回想起来最近一次也是5年前的事了.

这些系统都通过了UAT(用户验收测试). 但是在上线以后仍然不时地暴露出问题. 问题的原因之一就是在系统设计中几乎没有考虑鲁棒性.

其实, 鲁棒性应该成为系统的基本要求之一, 尤其是那些基础平台类的系统(Infrastructure).

我自己对鲁棒性的设计没有深入研究过, 原来做设计时, 基本是是遵循前人的经验来的. 经典的程序设计书籍中都会涉及这个问题. 但是很显然, 在进度的"压迫"下, 很多程序员忽略了这个问题.

下面转一篇网上看到的文章. 做开发或者做产品经理的朋友可以参考一下.

匠人浅谈鲁棒性(http://www.eaw.com.cn/news/display/article/7442)

[原文没有禁止转贴, 我就转过来了.]

匠人浅谈鲁棒性
作者：程序匠人    时间：2008-02-26  来源:   

N年前，匠人曾经在“侃单片机”论坛里发起过一次关于软件抗干扰的讨论。其实，当时的讨论基本上已经达到了软件所能做的一切范畴。但是随后，讨论的方向逐渐转向了“软件抗干扰是否有实际意义”上去了。虽然匠人坚持认为软件在抗干扰方面可以有所作为。但是，来自反面的意见，也让匠人深思了许久。

世纪轮回。这次，由emailli网友发起的“建议做为2008年1月的专题----软件抗干扰的方法研究 ”，又把当年的讨论场景再现。别具意味的是，对软件抗干扰本身的置疑也被再次提出。

从某种意义上来说，随着单片机硬件抗干扰性能的越来越完善。软件在此方面的用武之地，似乎确实在萎缩。试问又有几个单片机程序中应用到了软件陷阱呢？比例恐怕很小吧。

然而，匠人最近有事没事，经常喜欢在同事面前卖弄这个词——“鲁棒性”。

鲁棒性
robust
[rEJ5bQst]
adj.
强壮的；健壮的
His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease.
他身体强壮抵住了这疾病。
粗野的，不文雅的（玩笑）

鲁棒是Robust的音译，也就是健壮和强壮的意思。

鲁棒性（robustness）就是系统的健壮性。它是在异常和危险情况下系统生存的关键。比如说，计算机软件在输入错误、磁盘故障、网络过载或有意攻击情况下，能否不死机、不崩溃，就是该软件的鲁棒性。所谓“鲁棒性”，是指控制系统在一定（结构，大小）的参数摄动下，维持某些性能的特性。根据对性能的不同定义，可分为稳定鲁棒性和性能鲁棒性。以闭环系统的鲁棒性作为目标设计得到的固定控制器称为鲁棒控制器。

什么叫“鲁棒性”呢？按匠人的理解，就是，你的程序是否把所有的因素（包括异常因素）都考虑进去了，并且对可能的异常因素采取的规避、补救措施。比如：

1、我们要让一个变量做递增运算，每次+1，达到某一个阀值时清零。那么你在做阀值判断时，是判“等于”，还是判“大于等于”？（正确答案：判“大于等于”）

2、我们要根据一个变量去查表，或散转，假设这个变量正常范围=0~7。那么你有没有考虑过，如果该值大于7后，程序该怎么办？ （答案：先屏蔽（剔除）无效值，再去查表，或散转）

3、我们要让某个IO口输出“高电平”去驱动外部电路（比如说，继电器）。那么你是否只输出一次“1”就认为完事了？（答案：开辟输出缓存，定期刷新输出口）

4、串口接收数据，假设收到“0X00”时执行动作A，收到“0X01”时执行动作B。那么，你有没有考虑过，如果收到的是其他数据，该怎么办？（答案：参考第2例）

这样的例子不胜枚举，每一个细节中都存在陷阱。如果在程序设计中予以考虑，则可以规避；否则，很难说你的程序运行过程中会发生什么事情。

因此，一个好的程序，定义应该如此：“在正常情况下，可以得到正常的结果；在异常情况下，可以得到意料中的结果。”

而不是：“在正常情况下，可以得到正常的结果；在异常情况下，得到不可意料的结果。”

匠人的一些同事（新手）往往会跟匠人来犯犟。强调曰：“我的程序没有BUG啊，是输入不正常导致的。”，云云。确实，这些细节上的疏忽，不能称为BUG。我们只能称之为“鲁棒性”差！

再扩展开来看，在整个系统中，不光是软件需要考虑“鲁棒性”，硬件也同样需要考虑。

举个例子：假设系统工作电压为5V，那么当电压低于5V时，会发生什么事情？考虑过吗？OK，你说你有复位电路，电压跌落时会复位。那么匠人再问：电压快速跌落时可以复位，但如果电压缓慢下降，你的复位电路还能正常工作吗？或者，电压波动时，又会如何？

这样的细节还有很多，贯穿在整个设计过程中。对于有准备的人来说，只要事先预想到了并采取规避措施，都不是问题。对于没有准备的人来说，调试将是一场艰苦的跋涉。因为前进的道路上，“坑”太多了，指不定在哪里跌倒。

以上，为匠人信口开河。欢迎探讨。

对C:盘下的目录逐一检查,发现"System Volume Information"这个目录足有800M还多.

这个目录是给"系统还原实用程序"使用的. 因为对"系统还原"不太了解. 于是去微软的网站看了看, 发现两篇很有用的文章:

http://www.microsoft.com/china/technet/prodtechnol/winxppro/maintain/xpsysrst.mspx

http://www.microsoft.com/china/technet/prodtechnol/winxppro/plan/faqsrwxp.mspx

看完之后. 两个感觉:

1. 系统还原对微软系(在这里,我指那些与restroe.api兼容的)软件还是很有效的. 可以方便地还原和撤消还原.

2. 要用好系统还原功能, 在安装程序时, 多做一件事--设置系统还原点.

后来又想到. 这个功能其实和vmware的snapshot有很多相似之处. 但Windows XP是从系统内部来实现, 而vmware却是从系统外部来实现的.

最后一点提示: 如果发现磁盘空间低, 可以手工删除"System Volume Information"下较早创建的目录. 这里可以很容易挖出几百兆空间. 当然, 请谨慎为之, 俺不对您的数据丢失或者系统不稳定负责.

刘汉希望小学的造价仅仅59万！

2008-05-23 13:00

59万可以干什么？

在北京，在上海，你可以在不算特中心的地段买一个0居室（卫生间+厅，其他一概没有）的毛坯房。

在稍微不是太富裕的乡镇，可以勉强买一个二室一厅。

下面转一段采访，让我彻底震惊的采访。

我们学校不仅教学楼没有塌，而且另外两幢学生宿舍和教职工宿舍也安然无恙。”昨天，刘汉希望小学主管工作的副校长史少先在接受本报记者采访时说。

史少先告诉记者，这一切除了教学楼建造质量好外，可能找不到第二个理由。“我们学校周边所有楼都倒了，甚至十几里外刚修不到半年的楼都倒了，这不也证明我们的楼坚固吗？”史少先称，其实地震对于刘汉希望小学来说，根本没有“照顾”，因为他们的楼也至少经历了二十余次剧烈摇摆，连前面的水泥操场也有多处5厘米的裂缝，而地震后教学楼除台阶移动外，楼外体根本没有任何大的损伤。当记者问及是否建教学楼时有巨大投资、特别考虑到地震时，史先玉则向记者表示：“其实建这楼的造价根本不算高，也许这一切只因当时建筑方和监理方高度负责有关。”据史先玉称，该校是1998年开始兴建的，1999年10月交付使用。

“我们教学楼高三层，12个教室，建筑面积是1268.5平方米，总造价是59万元，其造价离当时国家拨款给公办学校建楼的标准400元每平方米的基本水平还低。”史先玉对记者认真的说，这个造价都是有据可查的，在这59万元中，援建方汉龙集团出资52万元，剩下的7万元是由村、镇集资的，“一分也不会多，一分也不会少。”而史先玉说到的当时400元/平方米的公办学校建房标准的说法，记者在采访绵阳市教育局副局长时得到了证实。

刘汉希望小学，地震中屹立不倒的希望小学，我一直以为是重资修建的，前几天看新闻采访说教育部门抱怨国家拨款太少，每平米预算400元我也信以为然，但是刘汉的后续采访事实告诉我们，不是钱的问题！是良心和责任心的问题！！400元完全可以修筑抗8级地震的建筑！！

我希望每个人都转载这段采访，不要咒骂，不要攻击，转载就可以了，我相信，有关领导会看到，我也相信，事实比一切言论都有力量。

今天在路上, 有两件事值得记一下.

第一是在潍坊路与东方路的十字路口. 前行方向变红灯, 我正好停在第一排. 这时一个镜头闪现, 让我觉得很有人情味.

有位骑车的老人, 推着自行车已经到了路中央(他没闯红灯, 只是绿灯的时间不够他通过), 警察看到以后, 对另一个方向的车做了一个停的手势, 同时招手让老人迅速通过. 等到老人到对面后, 再放行那个方向的车.

第二是在浦东南路与商城路的十字路口, 我也正好述在第一排, 在左转线上要掉头. 这里没有待转区.

另一方向黄灯闪烁时, 警察对我招手示意让我到路中间. 我心里一惊, 一开始以为要找我麻烦, 然后就反应过来是让我待转.

很快, 左转灯绿了, 我就掉头走了. 因为警察这样处理, 我估计这个绿灯至少可以多过3辆车.

如果这种事经常能看到, 社会和谐就不会是一句空话了.

注意力不太集中地听了一遍。感觉很不错。很久没有听这样的东西了。把励志的文章用配乐朗诵后，听起来没有看起来那么枯燥了。而且，朗诵者丰富的感情通过浑厚的中音直击心底，让我不由地受到他的感染。

几天前东方电影台放《东京审判》，虽然比较晚了，我还是坚持看完了。真痛快！英达那段给我留下深刻的印象，而刘松仁饰演的梅法官最后的演绎也相当棒。

不知道还有没有朋友没看过。推荐一下。:)

由于网站申明不许转载，因此在此给出链接。下面是我的看法：

“深度防御”对中小规模的单位（500信息点以下）来说，过于复杂和昂贵；

数据的安全远没有得到足够的重视；

用户需要养成好习惯，因此我们要提供能让用户养成好习惯的服务。

今天吃过早饭去办公室时，又看到了Tiramisu的宣传牌，上面写着标题中的两行字：咖啡行文，茶写诗（Coffee is prose, tea is poetry.）

不知是先有中文，后有英文，或者相反。总之这两行字给我很多暇思。

那在我看来，是一份不可多得的闲情逸致。但是在欧洲，却是一种生活方式。据说，很多学者、画家、诗人、作家都会在咖啡馆一坐一天，潜心地做他们的工作。

有点羡慕，多了一份期待。希望有一天可以这样从容而写意地处理自己的工作。

本来，工作就不该是生活的对立面。不是吗？

附上网上搜到的关于Tiramisu（提拉米苏）的介绍。原文链接：http://baike.baidu.com/view/1178.htm

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『Tiramisu提拉米苏』是目前各大咖啡厅、烘焙门市及西餐厅最IN的时髦甜点，以其爽俐醇郁的口感，与揉合起司、咖啡与酒香的成人级风味，狠狠抢去起司蛋糕的风头。

西式的甜品花团锦簇，尤以意、法为盛。提拉米苏（Tiramisu）和萨芭雍（Sabayon）这种华丽的甜点一出场，餐桌就变成了春装发布会的天桥。作 为意大利甜点的代表，外貌绚丽、姿态娇媚的提拉米苏已风靡全球。它以Espresso（特浓意大利咖啡）的苦、蛋与糖的润、甜酒的醇、巧克力的馥郁、手指 饼干的绵密、乳酪和鲜奶油的稠香、可可粉的干爽，只用了不到十种材料，把 “ 甜 ” 以及甜所能唤起的种种错综复杂的体验，交糅着一层层演绎到极致。

出自名门的提拉米苏（Tiramisu）是一种带咖啡酒味儿的蛋糕，由鲜奶油、可可粉、巧克力、 面粉制成，最上面是薄薄的一层可可粉，下面是浓浓的奶油制品，而奶油中间是类似巧克力蛋糕般的慕司。吃到嘴里香、滑、甜、腻，柔和中带有质感的变化，味道 并不是一味的甜，因为有了可可粉，所以略略有一点点不着边际的苦涩，这正好与卡布奇诺相配。大多餐厅都用玻璃器皿来盛载，纯粹的奶油黄上洒满可可粉的棕 色，深深舀起一勺，又多了巧克力的深褐色。没有香蕉船般缤纷艳丽，也不像芝士蛋糕般独色单调，提拉米苏整体色彩和谐，变化有致。轻轻舀起一勺放入嘴里，凉 得不冰冷，口腔中顿感清爽，鲜奶油所特有的粘滑，稠稠地包裹着唇、舌、齿，徐徐咽下，那股温柔甜蜜便会肆意地在全身每一处洋溢。

提拉米苏的历史

细究其历史渊源，最早可以追溯到17世纪的一种叫做Zuppa del Duca 或称作Zuppa Inglese的意大利西 北方甜品，但真正的提拉米苏则一直要到二十世纪60年代才在意大利威尼斯的西北方一带开始出现。当地人采用Mascarpone cheese（马斯卡彭芝士）作为主要材料，再以手指饼干取代传统甜点的海绵蛋糕，加入咖啡、可可粉等其他元素。配方很简单，却将芝士、咖啡与酒香三种西 方食品的独特风味，揉合于一身，毫不留情地抢去了芝士蛋糕的风头。甜与苦就像天使与魔鬼，和谐而又冲突地结合起来。

提拉米苏的由来

关于提拉米苏的由来，流传过许许多多不同的故事，比较温馨的说法是二战时期，一个意大利士兵即将开赴战场，可是家里已经什么也没有了，爱他的妻子为了给他 准备干粮，把家里所有能吃的饼干、面包全做进了一个糕点里，那个糕点就叫提拉米苏。每当这个士兵在战场上吃到提拉米苏就会想起他的家，想起家中心爱的 人……提拉米苏Tiramisu，在意大利文里， 有 “ 带我走 ” 的含义，带走的不只是美味，还有爱和幸福。一层浸透了Espresso咖啡与酒（Masala、Rum或Brandy）、质感和海绵蛋糕有点像的手指饼 干，一层混合了Mascar鄄ponecheese（最适合专门用来做Tiramisu的芝士）、蛋、鲜奶油和糖的芝士糊，层层叠上去，上头再撒一层薄薄 的可可粉……这就是提拉米苏Tiramisu。

其它的版本则比较有趣，一说是起源于意大利西部塔斯康尼省的席耶纳，19世纪的梅狄契公爵造访席耶纳，迷上当地一种糊状甜点，居民就为这种甜点取名为“公 爵的甜羹”（zuppa del duca），以兹纪念。随后，意大利公爵又把甜点引进北部佛罗伦斯，顿时成为驻在当地的英国知识分子最爱，又改称为“英国佬的甜羹”，并带回英国，与意大 利同步流行。席耶纳的甜点也传进意大利东北部大城崔维索（Treviso）和威尼斯。而今，这两座城市就以河渠、壁画和提拉米苏最出名，但“公爵的甜羹” 如何演变成Tiramisu，则出现解释上的断层。

另一说法则匪夷所思，说崔维索的居民不相信提拉米苏的前身叫“公爵的甜羹”，坚信提拉米苏是崔维索和威尼斯的传统甜点，而且“tiramisu”的意大利 字音是“兴奋剂或提神剂”（注：即英文的pick-me-up），配方中含咖啡因的浓缩咖啡与可可混合带来了轻量的兴奋作用。据说，当年刚刚传入威尼斯 时，竟特别受到上流交际圈中的高级妓女们的喜爱，成为昔日“Le Beccherie”餐厅楼上青楼妓女的提神恩物，旧时威尼斯的娼妓接客前，都会吃几口提拉米苏，以提高“性致”。

但无论传说如何，对于大多数Tiramisu的爱好者而言，丝毫不影响其在心目中的地位。

提拉米苏的配方

追溯Tiramisu的美味来源，除了手工之外，绝大多数，还是来自于材料的考究程度，其中，Mascarpone cheese、Marsala酒与Ladyfinger（手指饼干）等三种材料，可说是掌控 Tiramisu 品质的最主要关键。

传统配方的提拉米苏是完全不加酒精的，有人坚持要加产于意大利西西里岛的Marsala酒才算正统，才特别能够使它散发出优雅醇美的芬芳。这种加Marsala酒的提拉米苏确实有其独到之处，也渐渐地被人们所接受。此外也有加白兰地、 咖啡甜酒（Kahlus）或者其它果酒的。除了酒，传统配方中，重要的Mascarpone cheese亦有人以cream cheese（奶油奶酪）取代；没有Ladyfinger，有用海绵蛋糕代替的；奶油-芝士-咖啡-可可-（酒）这一传统口味之外，亦有以香橙、抹茶等取 代咖啡-可可的变奏口味。等等种种替代产品借位重组之后，是否还算是提拉米苏则见仁见智。

正宗的提拉米苏，糖水成分重，蛋糕很湿，糖水抹在蛋糕上，芝士、蛋糕的香味溶为一体。杯装的软提拉米苏，冷冻的时间短，一般一两个小时；而糕点式的提拉米 苏比较“坚固”，冷冻的时间要五六个小时。正宗的提拉米苏材料比较昂贵，其主要材料Mascarpone cheese价格不低（大约500克要100元人民币左右），还有作为垫底的Ladyfinger也是关键。有些商家为了减轻成本负担，除了经常以比较便 宜的海绵蛋糕取代手指饼干之外，在Mascarpone cheese的用量上也常常“偷工减料”，或以cream cheese或增加鲜奶油取代，有时甚至因此而造成凝结力不足，致使其浓度、风味与入口时的质感都比正宗做法的提拉米苏略逊一筹。

一般而言，为了不影响提拉米苏的浓郁甜美，除了配茶、咖啡以外，不建议和酒一起享用，不过如果是作为饭后甜点，则不妨在用完正餐后、吃提拉米苏之前，来一 点法国的Sauternes或是德国的贵妇甜白酒清清口；吃完之后，再喝一点较甜的西班牙Sherry或葡萄牙的Port等加烈葡萄酒，都能够起到发挥美 味相乘的绝佳效果。

因为提拉米苏含有极高的脂肪与热量，食用因个人需求体质而定，因此配方的食用人数则因此难定。

今天在中国信息安全产品测评认证中心的网站上看到的。文章不长，就全文贴过来了。

http://www.itsec.gov.cn/webportal/portal.po?UID=DWV1_WOUID_URL_180332&TOC=COLUMN_180332&OBJ=458852

华为称华赛正招募大批黑客 为后续工作做准备(2007-06-22)

　　通信世界网6月21日消息，今日在某公开场合，华为存储与网络安全产品线营销工程部部长郑志彬博士表示，华赛正在招募大批黑客，为日后的发展做准备。

　　华为技术有限公司和赛门铁克公司于今年5月21日联合宣布，双方成立合资公司，分别持股51%和49%，共同致力于网络安全与存储产品的研发、销售和服务，为全球的运营商以及企业客户提供网络安全与存储产品和解决方案。

　　在人员配置方面，目前合资公司运营伊始就拥有750名以上员工，基本来自华为现有的安全和存储设备运营业务部门，而新公司的管理团队将由华为和赛门铁克双方共同指派。

正所谓“温故而知新”，还是很有道理的。

第一章里有一句话，摘录如下：

Essentially, organizations address IA needs with people executing operations supported by technology.

其实，把上面这一句话中的"IA needs"换成"business needs"也可以，换成其它的"needs"也多半可以。

接着就指出：

Of the three principal aspects of this strategy, the IATF focuses on technology and on providing a framework for providing overlapping layers of protection against cyber threats.

很多事情都是这样，比如说NOKIA经典的slogan：Technology Connect People.

人才是主角。

因此，这个解决方案围绕人——而不是技术——来展开。

http://www.i170.com/user/hasang/Article_62814

（1）建行一同志转送: 今天经过一栋大楼门口，门口有一提款机。有一个老伯，一直看著我走过他身边，突然叫住我。他说他不识字，拿一张提款卡要我帮他在大楼门口的自动提款机取 钱。我回答我无法帮你取，叫警卫帮你。结果，他就回答我说不用了，继续找其他路人帮他取钱。朋友们要记住取款机可是有摄影机耶。万一他说我抢劫或是偷他的 提款卡，甚至他的卡片是偷来的，帮他领钱会在提款机留下影像，绝对 会让你百口莫辩！我会警惕! 是因为已有同事上当，目前仍官司缠身。显然这是诈骗集团在找替身了! 请用力传出去~~~
骗案真是层出不穷,一不小心就会踏入陷阱,真是令人防不胜防！

（2）××小区一业主，家中突然断电，看到窗户外别人家里都有电，就出门查看自家电表箱，打开门就被刀子顶着了--持刀入室抢劫伤人家里突然断电，不要贸然就开门查看，有猫眼的多观察一会门外动静，没猫眼的也隔着门静听一段时间，没有异常响动再开门。

（3）各位女同胞们注意了！这是最新骗局女同胞请注意男同胞请叫自己的朋友注意新出的情况，女性朋友要特别注意啦，一位上班的小姐在下班回家的路上看到一个小孩子一直哭，很可怜, 然后就过去问那小朋友怎么了. 小朋友就跟那个小姐说:" 我迷路了,可以请你带我回家吗?"然后拿一张纸条给她看, 说那是他家地址. 然后她就笨笨的带小孩子去了. 一般人都有同情心, 然后带到那个所谓小孩子的家里以后,她一按铃，门铃像是有高压电, 就失去知觉了. 隔天醒来就被脱光光在一间空屋里,身边什么都没有了,她甚至连犯人长啥样子都没看见.所以, 现在人犯案都是利用同情心啊，如果遇到类似这种的,千万别带他去, 要带就带他到派出所去好了, 走丢的小孩放到派出所一定没错啦；

（4）今天遇到讨饭新招，大家注意提防了～～今天在家休息，有人按门铃，开门一看，是个50来岁的老妇女，手里拿了2包喜糖，我还以为是邻居来分喜糖的， 结果一开口，听得出不是本地人，她说什么这2包糖给我们的，图个喜气，要换一点钱给她，后面还说了一大堆不知道什么，我也没听清楚，感觉就是不对，吓的马 上关门，晕！这年头，还有这么讨钱的一招！

（5）转发: 大家注意了！到自动取款机取钱时一定要倍加小心！！！！！昨晚在金海里的工行自动取款机取钱时，后面来了个老妇女，问我能不能取钱，还说什么取款机有个键 可能坏了，旁边不知什么时候来了个小女孩，一直想我身边跻，我也没在意，小孩子淘气嘛，可是过分的是她竟然把手朝出钞口放，准备拿我的钱了，我感觉不对劲 了，立即把她推到一边，等着把钱取出来。之后我想了一下，她们俩给我设了个套：老妇女负责和我瞎聊，吸引我的注意力，小女孩趁我不注意时抢走我的钱！如果 我不防备的话，钱说不定就被抢走了，这样的话，我就进套了：（一则我立即去追小女孩，去追回我的钱，可是谁又会相信一个小女孩能抢我一个大男人的钱呢？更 可怕的是站在我后面的老妇女将会取光我卡中所有的钱，因为我的卡还在取款机里面；二则我不立即去追小女孩，等拿到卡再追，到那时小女孩就无影无踪了，钱也 就没了啊：（她们真的很 > " > 聪明 > " > ，很可耻的！！！这是我的亲身经历，希望大家以后取钱时一定要警惕起来，注意观察周围的所有人，并转告周围的家人、同事、朋友，让坏蛋分子没有可乘之 机！！！！

又出现骗局新招！！

我的父母都退休在家。昨天上午，来一陌生中年人，说自己摩托车油开没了，加油站太远，摩托车又太重推不动，所以想问我父母要一个可乐瓶去买汽油，刚开口就 说实在不行就出2、3 元买一个空瓶好了。我母亲就拿了个空瓶给他，别说他还真从口袋里掏出钱来，不过是几张百元大钞，还让我父母找钱。我母亲顿生警觉，说算了，不过是一个空瓶 而已。他见我母亲不上钩又左右张望，发现我家在装修时用过的一把刷墙的刷子，说这个不错，他愿意出10元钱买下来，只不过还是那张百元大钞。好在我母亲尚 未龙钟，也不是那种爱贪小便宜的人，想想一个空可乐瓶收废品的最多也只给 7、8毛钱，他却肯出3元，一把刷子新的也才14元钱左右，他买把旧的用过的却肯花10元，他既然这么有钱，到超市买瓶饮料，然后把你面的饮料喝一半倒一 半空瓶不就有了吗，不用问，这百元大钞肯定有问题，他也肯定是骗子一个，我母亲当即就把他赶走了。所以提醒在家的老人们，要提高警惕了！

摘对话如下：

*sierra 说:
你们在哪个银行开户？
w 说:
农行
*sierra 说:
看来农行的网银还不错
w 说:
不好
w 说:
但，连我这样的用户都用农行网银用得很不顺手的话，我估计，坏人要偷钱会比较不容易。
*sierra 说:
哈哈
*sierra 说:
有道理

一定要看。一定要转。

下面是证词的译文（不全，但没有实质性影响。英文原文附后，来自http://w2.5ilog.com/cgi-bin/mybbs/s/silversaint/view.asp?j=0&id=5956355）。

美国退役空军少将查尔斯·斯文尼1995年5月11日在美国国会发表的演讲全文：

　　我是美国退役空军少将查尔斯·斯文尼。我是唯一一位参加了两次对日本原子轰炸的飞行员。在对广岛的轰炸中，担任驾驶员蒂贝茨上校的右座领航员，在对长崎的轰炸中，任编队指挥员。

[separator]

　　此刻，作为经历了那段历史的人们，我要陈述我的思考、观察和结论。我相信杜鲁门总统作出的对日本使用原子弹的决定不仅符合当时的情况，而且具有压倒其他可能选择的道义上的必要性。象我们这一代绝大多数人一样，我最不希望发生的一件事就是战争。我们作为一个民族不是骑士，我们不渴望那种辉煌。当我国正在大萧条中挣扎时，日本开始了对邻国的征服－－搞什么“大东亚共荣圈”。法西斯总是打着漂亮的旗帜去掩饰最卑鄙的阴谋。

　　这种“共荣”是通过对中国进行残酷的全面战争进行的。日本作为一个国家，认为自己命中注定要统治亚洲，并由此据有亚洲的自然资源和广袤土地。未有丝毫的怜悯和犹豫，日本屠杀无辜的男人、女人和孩子。在惨绝人寰的南京大屠杀中，30万手无寸铁的平民被屠杀。这是犯罪。

　　这些都是事实！！！

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　　1,700名美国水兵的生命湮灭于仍然沉睡在珍珠港海底的美海军亚利桑那号军舰里。其中的许多士兵甚至不清楚为什么受到突然袭击。战争就这样强加在美国的头上。

　　科雷希多的陷落及随后对盟军战俘的屠杀，驱散了对日军兽性的最后一丝怀疑。即使是在战时，日军的残暴也是令人发指的。巴甘省的死亡进军充满恐怖。

　　日本人认为投降是对自身、对家庭、对祖国、对天皇的污辱。他们对自身和对敌人都不手软。7,000名美军和菲律宾战俘惨遭殴打、枪杀、被刺刀捅死，或惨死于疾病和讥饿。

　　这些都是事实！！！

　　随着美国在广阔的太平洋向日本缓慢、艰苦、一步一流血地进军，日本显示出自己是冷酷无情、桀骜不逊的杀人机器。无论战事是多么令人绝望，无论机会是多么渺茫，无论结果是多么确定，日本人都战至最后一人。为了取得更大的光荣，日军全力以赴去杀死尽可能多的美国人。

　　美军开进的距日本本土越近，日本人的行为就变得越疯狂。

　　塞班岛：美军阵亡3,100人，其中在最后几小时就死了1500人。

　　硫黄岛：美军阵亡6,700人，伤25,000人。

　　冲绳岛：美军阵亡12,500人，伤35,000人。

　　这些是沉重的事实。

　　凯米卡兹－－即“神风敢死队”，驾驶装载炸弹的飞机撞击美国军舰。

　　队员认为这是天上人间至高的光荣，是向神之境界的升华。在冲绳海域，神风敢死队的自杀性攻击要了5,000名美国海军军人的命。

　　  　　日本用言语和行动表明，只要第一个美国人蹋上日本本土，他们就处决所有的盟军战俘。日本为大屠杀作准备，强迫盟军战俘为自己挖掘坟墓。即使在投降后，他们仍然处决了一些战俘。

　　这些都是事实！！！

　　《波茨坦公告》要求日本无条件投降。日本人认为这是荒唐可笑而不屑考虑的。我们从截获的密码得知，日本打算拖延时间，争取以可接受的条件经谈判投降。

　　在8月6日之前的几个月里，美国飞机开始轰炸日本本土。一个个日本城市化为火海，成千上万的日本人死去。但日军发誓决不投降。他们准备牺牲自己的人民，以换取他们所理解的光荣和荣誉－－不管死多少人。

　　他们拒绝救助平民，尽管我们的飞行员事先已就可能来临的空袭投撒了传单。

　　在一次为期3天的轰炸行动中，东京、名古屋、神户、大阪的许多地方化为灰烬。

　　这些都是事实！！！

　　即使在用原子弹轰炸了广岛之后，日本军部仍然认为美国只有一枚炸弹，日本可以继续坚持。在8月6日之后，他们有3天的时间用于投降，但他们不。

　　只有在长崎受到原子轰炸后，日本天皇才最后宣布投降。

　　即使在这种情况下，军方仍声称他们可以而且应该继续战斗。一个陆军军官团体发起叛乱，试图截获并销毁天皇向日本人宣布投降的诏书。

　　这些都是事实！！！

　　这些事实有助于说明我们所面临的敌人的本质，有助于认清杜鲁门总统在进行各种选择时所要考虑的背景，有助于理解为什么对日本进行原子轰炸是必要的。

　　像每一个男女军人一样，杜鲁门总统理解这些事实。伤亡不是某种抽象的统计数字，而是惨痛的事实。

　　－－－原子弹是否结束了战争？

　　－－－是的。

　　－－－它们是必须的吗？

　　－－－对此存在争议。

　　　50年过去了，在某些人看来日本成为受害者，美军成为凶残成性的征服者和报复者；原子弹的使用是核时代的不正义、不道德的起点。自然，为了支撑这种歪曲，他们必然要故意无视事实或者编造新的材料以证明这种论调。其中最令人吃惊的行经之一，就是否认日军曾进行过大屠杀。

　　事情怎么会弄成这个样子呢？

　　答案也许会从最近发生的一些事情中找到。

　　当前关于杜鲁门总统为什么要下达对日本进行原子轰炸的命令的争论，在某些情况下已演变成数字游戏。史密斯策划的“原子轰炸后果”展览，显示了卑劣的论调，这种论调在史学界引起轩然大波。

　　“原子轰炸后果”展览传递出这样的信息－－日本是受害者，美国是罪恶的侵略者。想象一下如果你带孩子们去看展览——

　　他们会留下什么样的印象？他们还会知道事实的真相吗？

　　在一个全国性的电视辩论中，我听到这样一位所谓的著名历史学家声称，原子弹是没有必要的，杜鲁门总统是想用原子弹吓唬俄国人，日本本来已经打算投降了。

　　有些人提出，艾森豪威尔将军曾说过，日本已准备投降，没有必要使用原子弹，然而，基于同样的判断，艾森豪威尔曾严重低估了德国继续战斗的意志，在 1944年就下结论说德国已无力进行攻势作战。这是一个灾难性的错误判断，其结果即是阿登战役的激战。是役，数万盟军毫无必要地牺牲了，并冒着允许德国拖延战争和有条件投降的风险。

　　一个相当公正的结论是，根据太平洋战争的情况，可以合理地预期日本将是比德国更疯狂的敌人。

　　最后，有一种理论认为，如果盟军进攻日本本土，我们的伤亡不是100万，而是只要死上46,000人就够了。

　　只不过是46,000人！

　　你能够想象这种论调的冷酷吗？

　　仅46000人。

　　好象这些是无关紧要的美国人的生命。

　　在此时此刻，我要承认，我不清楚在对日本本土的部队进攻中美军将会伤亡多少人－－也没有任何人知道。

　　根据对日本战时行为的判断，我的确认为，一个公正合理的假设是对日本本土的进攻将是漫长而代价高昂的。根据我们所知道的情况，而不是根据某些人的臆想，日本不打算无条件投降。

　　   在对硫黄岛－－太平洋中一个8平方英里的岛礁－－的进攻中，　6,700名海军陆战队官兵牺牲，伤亡总数达30,000人。

　　但对那些认为我们的损失仅是46,000人的人，我要问：

　　是哪46,000人？

　　谁的父亲？

　　谁的兄弟？

　　谁的丈夫？

　　是的，我只注意到了美国人的生命。但是，日本的命运掌握造日本人的手中，而美国不是。数以万计的美军部队焦急地在大洋中等待着进攻－－他们的命运取决于日本下一步怎么走。日本可以选择在任何时刻投降，但他们选择了等待。

　　而就是日本“无所作为”的时候，随着战事的进行，美军每天伤亡900多人。

　　我曾听到另一种说法，称我们应该与日本谈判，达到一个日本可以接受的有条件投降。

　　我从来没听任何人提出过与法西斯德国谈判投降。这是一个疯狂的念头，任何有理性的人都不会说出这样的话。与这样一个邪恶的法西斯魔鬼谈判，就是承认其合法性，即使是已经在事实上打败了它。这并不是那个时代空洞的哲学上的原则，而是人类的正义要求，必须彻底、干净地铲除法西斯恶魔的势力，必须粉碎这些邪恶的力量。法西斯的领导者已经无情地打碎了外交的信誉。

　　为什么太平洋战争的历史这么容易就被遗忘了呢？

　　也许原因就存在于目前正在进行着的对历史的歪曲，对我们集体记忆的歪曲。

　　在战败50年后，日本领导人轻率地声称他们是受害者，广岛、长崎与南京大屠杀在实质上是一回事！

　　整整几代日本人不知道他们的国家在第二次世界大战中都干了些什么。这可以理解为什么他们不理解日本为什么要道歉。

　　与德国认罪的姿态不同，日本坚持认为它没干任何错事，它的行为是受当时局势的拖累。这种态度粉碎了任何真正弥合创伤的希望。

　　只有记忆才能带来真正的原谅，而遗忘就可能冒重复历史的危险。

　　通过精心策划的政治和公关活动，日本现在建议使用“太平洋胜利日”来取代“对日本胜利日”这一术语。他们说，这一术语将会使太平洋战争的结束不那么特别与日本有关。

　　有些人可能会提出，这些文字能说明什么呢？对日本胜利－－太平洋的胜利－－让我们庆祝一个事件，而不是一个胜利。

　　我要说，话语就是一切。

　　庆祝一个事件！类似于庆祝一个商场开业典礼，而不是欢庆战争的胜利。这将分裂整个地球。数以千万计的死者、数以千万计受到身心伤害的人和更多的人将会不知所措。

　　这种对语言的攻击是颠倒历史、混淆是非的工具。文字或话语可以像任何一种武器一样具有毁灭性：

　　上是下；

　　奴役是自由；

　　侵略是和平。

　　在某种程度上，通过抹除精确的描述文字而对我们语言所展开的攻击，要比10年前日本对我们进行的真正的侵略更具有危害性，至少在真正的侵略中，敌人是清楚的，威胁是清楚的。

　　今天日本巧妙地打起种族主义这张牌，以此来宣示其行为的正义性。日本不是进行罪恶的侵略，而只是从白人帝国主义中解放受压迫的亚洲大众。

　　解放！是的，他们用屠杀“解放”了20,000,000无辜的亚洲人。我坚信，这20,000,000无辜的人，他们的家人，他们的后代，永远也不会欣赏日本崇高的行为。

　　经常有人问我，用原子弹轰炸日本是否是出于报复，是否是蓄意毁灭一个古老而令人尊敬的文明。

　　对此，有如下事实：

　　其一，在最初的轰炸目标清单上包括京都。虽然京都也是一个合法的目标，在先前的空袭中未曾予以轰炸，国务卿史迪文森把它从目标清单中去掉了，因为京都是日本的古都，也是日本的文化宗教中心。

　　其二，在战时我们受到命令的严格约束，在任何情况下，不得轰炸东京的皇宫－－尽管我们很容易识别皇宫并炸死天皇。毕竟我们不是为了报复。

　　我经常想如果日本有机会轰炸白宫，是否也会像美国这样克制。我认为日本不会。

　　在此让我澄清一个事实，纠正一个长期以来的偏见，那就是我们故意选择人口密集的城市轰炸。我们要轰炸的每一个目标城市都有重要的军事价值。广岛是日军南方司令部所在地，并集结了实力可观的防御部队。长崎是工业中心，有两个重要的兵工厂。在这两个城市，日本都把兵工厂和部队配置于市区中心。

　　像在任何一场战争中一样，我们的目标－－理所当然的目标－－是胜利。这是一个不可动摇的目标。

　　我不想否认双方死了许多人，不仅两国，而且是世界。我不为战争的残酷性而骄傲而欢乐，我不希望我国或敌国的人民受难。每一个生命都是宝贵的。但我的确认为这样一个问题应该去问日本战犯，是他们以日本人民为代价追求自身的辉煌。他们发动了战争，并拒绝停止战争。难道他们不应为所有的苦难、为日本的灾难负最终的责任吗？

　　也许如果日本人真切地了解过去，认清他们国家在战争中的责任，他们将会看到是日本战犯要负起战争的罪责。日本人民应该给远东人民一个答复，是谁把灾难强加给远东各国，最后强加给日本自己。当然如果我们与日本人一道抹煞历史的真相，那么这一点是永远也做不到的。

　　如果日本不追询并接受真相，日本怎能安心地与自己相处，与亚洲邻国、与美国相处？

　　我和我的部属在执行原子轰炸任务时坚信，我们将结束战争。我们并没有感到高兴。而是一种责任感和使命感，而且我们想回到自己的家人身边。

　　今天，我站在这里作证，并不是庆祝原子弹的使用，而是相反。我希望我的使命是最后一次。我们作为一个民族应该对原子弹的存在感到恐惧。我就感到恐惧。

　　但这并不意味着回到1945年8月，在战时情况下，在敌人顽固凶残的条件下，杜鲁门总统没有义务使用所有可能的武器结束战争。我同意杜鲁门总统的决定，当时以及现在。

　　战后几年，有人问杜鲁门总统是否还有其他选择，他响亮地说：没有。接着他提醒提问者：记住，珍珠港的死难者也没有其它选择。

　　战争总是代价高昂的，正如罗伯特·李将军所说：“战争如此残酷是件好事，否则就会有人喜欢它。”

　　感谢上帝使我们拥有原子武器，而不是日本和德国。科学有其自身的逻辑，迟早会有人设计出原子弹。科学不能被否定。关于制造原子弹是否明智的问题，终将被原子弹已被制造出来这一事实所压倒。

　　由于德国和日本法西斯被击败，世界变得更好了。

I am Maj. Gen. Charles W. Sweeney, United States Air Force, Retired. I am the only pilot to have flown on both atomic missions. I flew the instrument plane on the right wing of General Paul Tibbets on the Hiroshima mission and 3 days later, on August 9, 1945, commanded the second atomic mission over Nagasaki. Six days after Nagasaki the Japanese military surrendered and the Second World War came to an end.

The soul of a nation, its essence, is its history. It is that collective memory which defines what each generation thinks and believes about itself and its country.

In a free society, such as ours, there is always an ongoing debate about who we are and what we stand for. This open debate is in fact essential to our freedom. But to have such a debate we as a society must have the courage to consider all of the facts available to us. We must have the courage to stand up and demand that before any conclusions are reached, those facts which are beyond question are accepted as part of the debate.

As the 50th anniversary of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki missions approaches, now is an appropriate time to consider the reasons for Harry Truman's order that these missions be flown. We may disagree on the conclusion, but let us at least be honest enough to agree on basic facts of the time, the facts that President Truman had to consider in making a difficult and momentous decision.

As the only pilot to have flown both missions, and having commanded the Nagasaki mission, I bring to this debate my own eyewitness account of the times. I underscore what I believe are irrefutable facts, with full knowledge that some opinion makers may cavalierly dismiss them because they are so obvious - because they interfere with their preconceived version of the truth, and the meaning which they strive to impose on the missions.

This evening, I want to offer my thoughts, observations, and conclusions as someone who lived this history, and who believes that President Truman's decision was not only justified by the circumstances of his time, but was a moral imperative that precluded any other option.

Like the overwhelming majority of my generation the last thing I wanted was a war. We as a nation are not warriors. We are not hell-bent on glory. There is no warrior class - no Samurai - no master race.

This is true today, and it was true 50 years ago.

While our country was struggling through the great depression, the Japanese were embarking on the conquest of its neighbors - the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. It seems fascism always seeks some innocuous slogan to cover the most hideous plans.

This Co-Prosperity was achieved by waging total and merciless war against China and Manchuria. The Japanese, as a nation, saw itself as destined to rule Asia and thereby possess its natural resources and open lands. Without the slightest remorse or hesitation, the Japanese Army slaughtered innocent men, women and children. In the infamous Rape of Nanking up to 300,000 unarmed civilians were butchered. These were criminal acts.

THESE ARE FACTS.

In order to fulfill its divine destiny in Asia, Japan determined that the only real impediment to this goal was the United States. It launched a carefully conceived sneak attack on our Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor. Timed for a Sunday morning it was intended to deal a death blow to the fleet by inflicting the maximum loss of ships and human life.

1,700 sailors are still entombed in the hull of the U.S.S. Arizona that sits on the bottom of Pearl Harbor. Many if not all, died without ever knowing why. Thus was the war thrust upon us.

The fall of Corregidor and the resulting treatment of Allied prisoners of war dispelled any remaining doubt about the inhumanness of the Japanese Army, even in the context of war. The Bataan Death March was horror in its fullest dimension. The Japanese considered surrender to be dishonorable to oneself, one's family, one's country and one's god. They showed no mercy. Seven thousand American and Filipino POW's were beaten, shot, bayoneted or left to die of disease or exhaustion.

THESE ARE FACTS.

As the United States made its slow, arduous, and costly march across the vast expanse of the Pacific, the Japanese proved to be ruthless and intractable killing machine. No matter how futile, no matter how hopeless the odds, no matter how certain the outcome, the Japanese fought to the death. And to achieve a greater glory, the strove to kill as many Americans as possible.

The closer the United States came to the Japanese mainland, the more fanatical their actions became.

Saipan - 3,100 Americans killed, 1,500 in the first few hours of the invasion

Iwa Jima - 6,700 Americans killed, 25,000 wounded

Okinawa - 12,500 Americans killed, total casualties, 35,000

These are facts reported by simple white grave markets.

Kamikazes. The literal translation is DIVINE WIND. To willingly dive a plane loaded with bombs into an American ship was a glorious transformation to godliness - there was no higher honor on heaven or earth. The suicidal assaults of the Kamikazes took 5,000 American Navy men to their deaths.

The Japanese vowed that, with the first American to step foot on the mainland, they would execute every Allied prisoner. In preparation they forced the POW's to dig their own graves in the event of mass executions. Even after their surrender, they executed some American POW's.

THESE ARE FACTS.

The Potsdam Declaration had called for unconditional surrender of the Japanese Armed Forces. The Japanese termed it ridiculous and not worthy of consideration. We know from our intercepts of their coded messages, that they wanted to stall for time to force a negotiated surrender on terms acceptable to them.

For months prior to August 6, American aircraft began dropping fire bombs upon the Japanese mainland. The wind created by the firestorm from the bombs incinerated whole cities. Hundreds of thousands of Japanese died. Still the Japanese military vowed never to surrender. They were prepared to sacrifice their own people to achieve their visions of glory and honor - no matter how many more people died.

They refused to evacuate civilians ever though our pilots dropped leaflets warning of the possible bombings. In one 3-day period, 34 square miles of Tokyo, Nagoya, Kobe and Osaka were reduced to rubble.

THESE ARE FACTS.

And even after the bombing of Hiroshima, Tojo, his successor Suzuki, and the military clique in control believed the United States had but one bomb, and that Japan could go on. They had 3 days to surrender after August 6, but they did not surrender. The debate in their cabinet at times became violent.

Only after the Nagasaki drop did the Emperor finally demand surrender.

And even then, the military argued they could and should fight on. A group of Army officers staged a coup and tried to seize and destroy the Emperor's recorded message to his people announcing the surrender.

THESE ARE FACTS.

These facts help illuminate the nature of the enemy we faced. They help put into context the process by which Truman considered the options available to him. And they help to add meaning to why the missions were necessary.

President Truman understood these facts as did every service man and woman. Casualties were not some abstraction, but a sobering reality.

Did the atomic missions end the war? Yes...they...did.

Were they necessary? Well that's where the rub comes.

With the fog of 50 years drifting over the memory of our country, to some, the Japanese are now the victims. America was the insatiable, vindictive aggressor seeking revenge and conquest. Our use of these weapons was the unjustified and immoral starting point for the nuclear age with all of its horrors. Of course, to support such distortion, one must conveniently ignore the real facts of fabricate new realities to fit the theories. It is no less egregious than those who today deny the Holocaust occurred.

How could this have happened?

The answer may lie in examining some recent events.

The current debate about why President Truman ordered these missions, in some cases, has devolved to a numbers game. The Smithsonian in its proposed exhibit of the Enola Gay revealed the creeping revisionism which seems the rage in certain historical circles.

That exhibit wanted to memorialize the fiction that the Japanese were the victims - we the evil aggressor. Imagine taking your children and grandchildren to this exhibit.

What message would they have left with?

What truth would they retain?

What would they think their country stood for?

And all of this would have occurred in an American institution whose very name and charter are supposed to stand for the impartial preservation of significant American artifacts.

By canceling the proposed exhibit and simply displaying the Enola Gay, has truth won out?

Maybe not.

In one nationally televised discussion, I heard a so-called prominent historian argue that the bombs were nor necessary. That President Truman was intent on intimidating the Russians. That the Japanese were ready to surrender.

The Japanese were ready to surrender? Based on what?

Some point to statements by General Eisenhower years after the war that Japan was about to fall. Well, based on that same outlook Eisenhower seriously underestimated Germany's will to fight on and concluded in December, 1944 that Germany no longer had the capability to wage offensive war.

That was a tragic miscalculation. The result was the Battle of the Bulge, which resulted in tens of thousands of needless Allied casualties and potentially allowed Germany to prolong the war and force negotiations.

Thus the assessment that Japan was vanquished may have the benefit of hindsight rather than foresight.

It is certainly fair to conclude that the Japanese could have been reasonably expected to be even more fanatical than the Germans base on the history of the war in the Pacific.

And, finally, a present-day theory making the rounds espouses that even if an invasion had taken place, our casualties would not have been a million, as many believed, but realistically only 46,000 dead.

ONLY 46,000!

Can you imagine the callousness of this line of argument? ONLY 46,000- as if this were some insignificant number of American lives.

Perhaps these so-called historians want to sell books.

Perhaps they really believe it. Or perhaps it reflects some self-loathing occasioned by the fact that we won the war.

Whatever the reason, the argument is flawed. It dissects and recalculates events ideologically, grasping at selective straws.

Let me admit right here, today, that I don't know how many more Americans would have died in an invasion - AND NEITHER DOES ANYONE ELSE!

What I do know is that based on the Japanese conduct during the war, it is fair and reasonable to assume that an invasion of the mainland would have been a prolonged and bloody affair. Based on what we know - not what someone surmises - the Japanese were not about to unconditionally surrender.

In taking Iwo Jima, a tiny 8 square mile lump of rock in the ocean, 6,700 marines died - total casualties over 30,000.

But even assuming that those who now KNOW our casualties would have been ONLY 46,000 I ask -

Which 46,000 were to die?

Whose father?

Whose brother?

Whose husband?

And, yes, I am focusing on American lives.

The Japanese had their fate in their own hands, we did not. Hundreds of thousands of American troops anxiously waited at staging areas in the Pacific dreading the coming invasion, their fate resting on what Japanese would do next. The Japanese could have ended it at any time. They chose to wait.

And while the Japanese stalled, an average of 900 more Americans were killed or wounded each day the war continued.

I've heard another line of argument that we should have accepted a negotiated peace with the Japanese on terms they would have found acceptable. I have never heard anyone suggest that we should have negotiated a peace with Nazi Germany. Such an idea is so outrageous, that no rational human being would utter the words. To negotiate with such evil fascism was to allow it even in defeat a measure of legitimacy. This is not just some empty philosophical principal of the time - it was essential that these forces of evil be clearly and irrevocably defeated - their demise unequivocal. Their leadership had forfeited any expectation of diplomatic niceties. How it is, then, the history of the war in the Pacific can be so soon forgotten?

The reason may lie in the advancing erosion of our history, of our collective memory.

Fifty years after their defeat, Japanese officials have the temerity to claim they were the victims. That Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the equivalent of the Holocaust.

And, believe it or not, there are actually some American academics who support this analogy, thus aiding and giving comfort to a 50-year attempt by the Japanese to rewrite their own history, and ours in the process.

There is an entire generation of Japanese who do not know the full extent of their country's conduct during World War II.

This explains why they do not comprehend why they must apologize-

·for the Korean comfort women.

·for the Medical experimentation on POW's which match the horror of those conducted by the Nazi's.

·for the plane to use biological weapons against the United States by infecting civilian populations on the West Coast.

·for the methodical slaughter of civilians.

·and for much more.

In a perverse inversion, by forgetting our own history, we contribute to the Japanese amnesia, to the detriment of both our nations.

Unlike the Germans who acknowledged their guilt, the Japanese persist in the fiction that they did nothing wrong, that they were trapped by circumstances. This only forecloses any genuine prospect that the deep wounds suffered by both nations can be closed and healed.

One can only forgive by remembering. And to forget, is to risk repeating history.

The Japanese in a well orchestrated political and public relations campaign have now proposed that the use of the term "V-J Day" be replaced by the more benign "Victory in the Pacific Day". How convenient.

This they claim will make the commemoration of the end of the war in the Pacific less "Japan specific".

An op-ed piece written by Dorothy Rabinowitz appearing in the April 5 Wall Street Journal accurately sums up this outrage:

The reason it appears, is that some Japanese find the reference disturbing - and one can see why. The term, especially the "J" part, does serve to remind the world of the identity of the nation whose defeat millions celebrated in August 1945. in further deference to Japanese sensitivities, a U.S. official (who wisely chose to remain unidentified) also announced, with reference to the planned ceremonies, that "our whole effort in this thing is to commemorate an event, not celebrate a victory."

Some might argue so what's in a word - Victory over Japan, Victory in the Pacific - Let's celebrate an event, not a victory.

I say everything is in a word. Celebrate an EVENT!

Kind of like celebrating th opening of a shopping mall rather than the end of a war that engulfed the entire Earth - which left countless millions dead and countless millions more physically or mentally wounded and countless more millions displaced.

This assault on the use of language is Orwellian and is the tool by which history and memory are blurred. Words can be just as destructive as any weapon.

Up is down.

Slavery is freedom.

Aggression is peace.

In some ways this assault on our language and history by the elimination of accurate and descriptive words is far more insidious than the actual aggression carried out by the Japanese 50 years ago. At least then the threat was clear, the enemy well defined.

Today the Japanese justify their conduct by artfully playing the race card. They were not engaged in a criminal enterprise of aggression. No, Japan was simply liberating the oppressed masses of Asia from WHITE Imperialism.

Liberation!! Yes, they liberated over 20 million innocent Asians by killing them. I'm sure those 20 million, their families and the generations never to be, appreciate the noble effort of the Japanese.

I am often asked was the bomb dropped for vengeance, as was suggested by one draft of the Smithsonian exhibit. That we sought to destroy an ancient and honorable culture.

Here are some more inconvenient facts.

One, on the original target list for the atomic missions Kyoto was included. Although this would have been a legitimate target, one that had not been bombed previously, Secretary of State Henry Stimson removed it from the list because it was the ancient capital of Japan and was also the religious center of Japanese culture.

Two, we were under strict orders during the war that under no circumstances were we to ever bomb the Imperial Palace in Tokyo, even though we could have easily leveled it and possibly killed the Emperor. So much for vengeance.

I often wonder if Japan would have been shown such restraint if they had the opportunity to bomb the White House. I think not.

At this point let me dispel one of many longstanding myths that our targets were intended to be civilian populations. Each target for the missions had significant military importance - Hiroshima was the headquarters for the southern command responsible for the defense of Honshu in the event of an invasion and it garrisoned seasoned troops who would mount the initial defense.

Nagasaki was an industrial center with the two large Mitsubishi armaments factories. In both Hiroshima and Nagasaki the Japanese had integrated these industries and troops right in the heart of each city.

As in any war our goal was, as it should be, to win. The stakes were too high to equivocate.

I am often asked if I ever think of the Japanese who died at Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

I do not revel in the idea that so many on both sides died, not only at those two places but around the world in that horrible conflict. I take no pride or pleasure in the brutality of war whether suffered by my people or those of another nation. Every life is precious.

But it does seem to me such a question is more appropriately directed to the Japanese war lords who so willingly offered up their people to achieve their visions of greatness. They who started the war and then stubbornly refused to stop it must be called to account. Don't they have the ultimate responsibility for all the deaths of their countrymen?

Perhaps if the Japanese came to grips with their past and their true part in the war they would hold those Japanese military leaders accountable. The Japanese people deserve an answer from those that brought such misery to the nations of the Far East and ultimately to their own people. Of course this can never happen of we collaborate with the Japanese in wiping away the truth.

How can Japan ever reconcile with itself and the United States if they do not demand and accept the truth?

My crew and I flew these missions with the belief that they would bring the war to an end. There was no sense of joy. There was a sense of duty and commitment that we wanted to get back to our families and loved ones.

Today millions of people in America an in southeast Asia are alive because the war ended when it did.

I do not stand here celebrating the use of nuclear weapons. Quite the contrary.

I hope that my mission is the last such mission ever flown.

We as a nation can abhor the existence of nuclear weapons.

I certainly do.

But that does not then mean that, back in August of 1945, given the events of the war and the recalcitrance of our enemy, President Truman was not obliged to use all the weapons at his disposal to end the war.

I agreed with Harry Truman then, and I still do today.

Years after the war Truman was asked if he had any second thoughts. He said emphatically, "No." He then asked the questioner to remember the men who died at Pearl Harbor who did not have the benefit of second thoughts.

In war the stakes are high. As Robert E. Lee said, "it is good that war is so horrible, or we might grow to like it."

I thank God that it was we who had this weapon and not the Japanese or the Germans. The science was there. Eventually someone would have developed this weapon. Science can never be denied. It finds a way to self-fulfillment.

The question of whether it was wise to develop such a weapon would have eventually been overcome by the fact that it could be done. The Soviets would have certainly proceeded to develop their own bomb. Let us not forget that Joseph Stalin was no less evil than Tojo or his former ally Adolf Hitler. At last count, Stalin committed genocide on at least 20 million of his own citizens.

The world is a better place because German and Japanese fascism failed to conquer the world.

Japan and Germany are better places because we were benevolent in our victory.

The youth of Japan and the United States, spared from further needless slaughter, went on to live and have families and grow old.

As the father of ten children and the grandfather of 21, I can state that I am certainly grateful that the war ended when it did.

I do not speak for all veterans of that war. But I believe that my sense of pride in having served my country in that great conflict is shared by all veterans. This is why the truth about that war must be preserved. We veterans are not shrinking violets. Our sensibilities will not be shattered in intelligent and controversial debate. We can handle ourselves.

But we will not, we cannot allow armchair second guessers to frame the debate by hiding facts from the American public and the world.

I have great faith in the good sense and fairness of the American people to consider all of the facts and make an informed judgment about the war's end.

This is an important debate. The soul of our nation, its essence, its history, is at stake.

　　印花税上调股市应声下跌 部门诚信受质疑

　　蓝藻暴发导致自来水发臭

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　　前者和我（因为纯粹是自己的个人感受，所以是我）所在的社会环境相关，后者和我所在的自然环境相关。

先说股市。

　　我身边的同事，有2个是炒股的。这次5·30一个也没跑，眼睁睁地损失了30%左右。其中有一个还曾经对我说，上周就会全部跑掉。

　　印花税的上调导致1万多亿人民币的市值蒸发。同事在抱怨政府。这点我不作评论，但我想，真正的原因就是：这1万多亿，甚至现在还余下来的总市值中的17万亿中，真正有实业的部分，能有多少呢？我在这里猜一个数吧：10%都不到。

　　为什么股市泡沫这么厉害？这个问题我也不是专家，就不讲了。下面从古龙的《绝代双骄》摘一段话：

　　这就是大多数男人的毛病，就算是条母猪，假如有两个男人同时抢着要她，那么这母猪全身上下每个地方都会变得漂亮起来，但其中假如有一个男人忽然弃权了，另一个男人立刻就会恍然大悟：“原来她是条母猪，只不过是条母猪。”

　　股市就是这样，炒作出来的价值都是虚幻的价值。既然是虚幻的，总会有破灭的一天。也就是说，即使这次不调高印花税，股市仍然会因为其它原因下跌。

　　我曾经这样劝我的同事：你把时间和精力都花在股市上，也许你的钱的确会增值，但你的人很难增值。

再说蓝藻。

　　五·一期间，我正好去过太湖，亲眼见到太湖水那种诡异的绿，也闻到了那种令人窒息的臭味，在走过神仙桥时，我一路上都紧紧捂着鼻子。

　　想来这也是很自然的，太湖的水已经污染成这样了，靠自来水公司的处理很难达到饮用水的标准了。从现在的情况来看，连中水的标准都达不到。它简直就是下水，只是简单地过滤了可见颗粒而已。

　　我只能说，水的浪费还是太严重了。一方面，少有家庭有循环用水的习惯，另一方面公共场所的水浪费现象非常普遍。照这个样子下去，水价的调节也无法解决问题恐怕将来就要实行配给制了。

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印花税上调股市应声下跌 部门诚信受质疑

2007-05-31 07:21  来源：新快报

　　股市惨跌，股民网民炸开了锅。争议不断之余，也有网民苦中作乐，拿上调印花税消息恶搞，新编了不少让人暴笑不已的网文,比如窜改了辽宁铁岭钢水包脱落事故的新闻,改编成“印花水包脱落事故”。
　　新快报讯　（记者 郝亦）财政部深夜突然宣布上调证券印花税，刺激昨天沪深股市应声大跌，创下历史之最，令到当晚还在梦乡回味股指大涨的股民、基民，一觉醒来个个难逃损手烂脚，昨日网上最热的话题无不围绕印花税展开。
　　损失惨重的股民们将此次股市巨幅振荡称为“5·30惨案”，不少情绪失控的股民将发泄的矛头指向了财政部及金人庆部长等，谩骂之声不绝。除此之外，股民质疑财政部“在信息披露方面存在违规行为”的帖子也比比皆是，大多认为财政部此前“在内部泄漏了有关加税的信息”，没有按规定将信息的知情者控制在最小范围内。有股民为此提出司法部门应介入调查，“查一下财政部的工作人员前天是不是已经全部清仓了”。
　　与此同时，另一部分网民则力挺财政部，认为“财政部提高印花税的行为完全无可非议”，股民被套的根源在于自己内心的投机与贪婪的欲望，有关部门此前已屡屡发出警示，大多数人却对此置若罔闻。

　　财政部违规走漏风声
　　上周市场就有上调证券印花税的传言，财政部有关人员随后辟谣，但4个工作日后却突然宣布上调印花税，由此引发股民强烈不满。
　　昨日，有网民模仿财政部此前谴责杭萧钢构发布虚假信息的公告，发表题为《中国股民们5月30日发布公告，对在信息披露方面存在违规行为的财政部进行公开谴责》的帖子,指财政部对信息披露违规行为负有直接的责任，严重违反有关承诺，严重误导了投资者。
　　更有网民联名声讨财政部的“欺诈行为”，要求财政部对调高印花税一事作出解释，并对其发布虚假公告欺骗股民的行为公开道歉，按照法律给予遭受损失股民相应的赔偿。
　　也有网民指出，财政部前后不一的说法，与内幕交易有何区别，因而强烈要求司法部门介入调查，并严惩相关责任人。
　　不少网民同时认为财政部的做法“严重损伤了中国政府的公信力”，对证券市场的损伤更大，“难道不能事先提示可能提高印花税，让大家自觉防范，非得等全民都上了，好好给人民一个下马威才显得有魄力？”网民称这是“典型的暗箱操作，毫无水准”。

　　只怪博傻者太过贪婪
　　在一片谴责声中，也有网民站出来力挺财政部，认为上调印花税无可非议，并为提高印花税大声叫好。“政府的这一行动遭到许多股民的谩骂和侮辱，原因很简单，虽然他们都知道现在的股市存在着很大的泡沫，但是都希望在泡沫破灭前，等待着下一个傻子接盘，从而让自己大赚一笔，一句话，大家都在博傻呢！”网友wzwz256直指：“之所以造成现在的局面，最重要的不是政府而是自己内心的投机与贪婪的欲望。”
　　更有网友谴责谩骂财政部的股民，“赚大钱的时候怎么没看人出来表扬政府，跌了一点就全出来骂了？难道国家在提高印花税之前通过小道消息把风露出来才对得起广大人民么？”
　　对于“财政部出尔反尔的做法有失妥当，不讲信用”的说法，网友反驳道：“这种看法明显过于天真幼稚了。”为了防止有人利用金融政策赚取不正当利益，金融政策的改变调整本来就该高度保密，财政部此次提高印花税符合国际社会主流对于金融政策调整的常规做法，与国际金融惯例高度接轨。

蓝藻暴发导致自来水发臭
2007-05-31 04:59  来源：北京青年报
　　29日上午起，江苏无锡一些地区的市民发现，一夜之间，自来水管里流出的水如同下水道的水一般臭。这引发了市民到超市抢购纯净水。
　　无锡市自来水公司解释，连续高温高热，太湖蓝藻在短期内积聚暴发，导致水源水质恶化，最终城区出现了大范围的自来水发臭现象。据介绍，无锡自来水公司每天要处理100多万吨水，仅除藻除臭剂一项每天就需耗费6万多元，但用药剂很难完全除去臭味。有关人士表示，除了臭味外，无锡自来水公司出厂水的其他标准均符合国家标准。目前，无锡市自来水公司的水质化验人员正对水源进行24小时的监控。无锡市环保和水利局正在紧急处理这一突发事件。